When a doctor needs to check whether the arteries supplying the heart are blocked or narrowed, coronary angiography may be recommended. It is a commonly used heart test that gives a clear picture of the coronary arteries. The test can help find out what is causing chest pain or reduced blood flow and can also help doctors decide what treatment should be considered next.
What Is Coronary Angiography?
Coronary angiography is an imaging test used to examine the coronary arteries. During the test, a special contrast dye is introduced into the blood vessels. X-ray images are taken while the dye moves through the arteries.
If an artery is narrow or blocked, it can usually be seen in these images. The cardiologist can then understand where the problem is and how serious it may be.
The test is often performed in a cardiac catheterisation laboratory. It does not usually require a large cut or open surgery.
Why Is Coronary Angiography Done?
There can be several reasons for having Coronary angiography. A doctor may recommend it after looking at symptoms, medical history, or the results of another heart test.
It may be advised when a patient has:
- Chest pain that needs further investigation
- An abnormal ECG or stress test
- Suspected coronary artery disease
- A previous heart attack
- Reduced blood flow to the heart
- A known blockage that needs closer examination
It can also be done before certain heart procedures so the doctor has a better idea of where the blockages are located.
How Is the Procedure Performed?
Before the procedure starts, the skin around the catheter insertion area is cleaned and numbed. The patient is generally awake but may receive medicine to feel relaxed.
A thin tube called a catheter is placed into an artery, usually through the wrist or groin. The doctor slowly guides it towards the heart. Once it reaches the coronary arteries, contrast dye is injected.
Some people notice a brief warm sensation when the dye enters the bloodstream. X-ray pictures are then taken from different angles. The cardiologist examines these images to check the condition of the arteries.
The procedure usually takes a short time, although the complete hospital visit can be longer because of preparation and observation.
What Happens After Coronary Angiography?
After Coronary angiography, the patient remains under observation for some time. The healthcare team checks the catheter entry point and makes sure there is no significant bleeding or other immediate problem.
Patients are often advised to drink fluids unless their doctor has told them to restrict fluid intake. They may need to take it easy for the rest of the day and avoid strenuous activity for a short period.
If the test finds a significant blockage, the doctor will discuss the available options. These may include medicines, angioplasty and stent placement, or bypass surgery, depending on the situation.
Are There Any Risks?
Coronary angiography is generally considered a safe procedure, but some risks are possible. Mild bruising, soreness, or bleeding around the catheter site can occur.
Less common problems include an allergic reaction to the contrast dye, blood vessel damage, infection, abnormal heart rhythm, or kidney-related complications. The doctor will review the patient’s health before the test to reduce avoidable risks.
Coronary Angiography in India
India has specialised cardiac hospitals with experienced cardiologists, catheterisation laboratories, and modern imaging equipment. Patients can undergo Coronary angiography as part of a complete cardiac evaluation and, if required, continue with further treatment at the same centre.
Anyone advised to undergo Coronary angiography should discuss the purpose of the test, preparation, possible risks, and expected next steps with their cardiologist.
